Both in generating and applying, it is primarily a question of the practical consequences resulting from technical knowledge.Īn example of the moral problems involved in the generation of scientific knowledge can be seen in the field of experiments on human beings in medical research and other medical science disciplines (above all in the field of psychology) more recent discussions target experiments on animals or genetic intervention into the genome of humans, animals, plants and micro-organisms, for the purpose of getting to know more about genetics.
Second, ethics of science concerns itself with the relationship between general moral orientations and the problems of generating and applying scientific knowledge. This involves a smooth, unbroken transition from general rules of action (e.g., the prohibition of falsifying research results) to specific regulations for individual disciplines within the framework of their respective methodology. First, ethics of science draws on the specific ethos of the scientific community in order to reconstruct those orientations to which the scientist is committed, in the interest of seeking out the truth. Above all, ethics of science, in respect of the task on hand, has to deal with two interrelated areas of phenomena. In this, ethics of science shall be understood as a part of philosophical ethics that refers to a specific, societal field of action determined by particular forms of knowledge.
The discipline of the ethics of science is concerned with the systematic reconstruction of those specific orientations for action that are determined by the understanding, immanent in each field of science in respect of its individual subject area, and the understanding of the scientific procedures for its description and explanation and an appreciation of the possibilities for action opened up by scientific knowledge. Gethmann, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2001 1 Scientific Aspects
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